Vaishali — Near Glamour Palace, Bodh Gaya

Vaishali holds a unique place in world history — it was one of the first republics in recorded history (6th century BCE), the birthplace of Mahavira (founder of Jainism), and an important site in the life of the Buddha, who delivered his last sermon here. The iconic Ashoka Pillar surmounted by a lion capital is one of the finest examples of Mauryan craftsmanship.

History & Significance

Vaishali was the capital of the Licchavi republic — one of the earliest democratic republics in the world, predating ancient Greece. The Licchavi clan were devoted followers of the Buddha and the city flourished during his lifetime. The Buddha visited Vaishali three times and announced his impending Parinirvana (death) here. The Second Buddhist Council was held at Vaishali approximately 100 years after the Buddha's death. Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, was born here around 599 BCE. Emperor Ashoka erected a polished sandstone pillar topped with a lion capital to commemorate the Buddha's last sermon — it still stands today and is considered one of the finest surviving examples of Mauryan art. The site also includes an ancient stupa (Relic Stupa) said to contain the ashes of the Buddha.

Key Facts & Figures

Historical significanceOne of the world's first republics (6th century BCE)

Buddhist significanceBuddha's last sermon; Second Buddhist Council held here

Jain significanceBirthplace of Mahavira (599 BCE)

Ashoka PillarSingle polished sandstone shaft with lion capital; 18 metres high

Relic StupaContains ashes of the Buddha

Entry fee₹25 (Indians), ₹300 (Foreigners)

TimingsSunrise to sunset

MuseumVaishali Archaeological Museum nearby

Visitor Tips

Vaishali is best combined with Patna as an overnight trip. The site is peaceful and relatively uncrowded. The reflection of the Ashoka Pillar in the adjacent tank is a beautiful shot at golden hour.